THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2026, Vol. 22, № 1
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
Our Losses
AKATOV VALERIY VLADIMIROVICH (1959–2025)
Editorial Board The North Caucasus Ecological Herald
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Valery Vladimirovich Akatov, a member of the Editorial Board of the journal «The North Caucasus Ecological Herald», passed away on September 21, 2025.
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General Ecology
Review article
SYNTHONS AS STRUCTURAL UNITS IN BIOCHEMICAL BIOSPHERE PROCESSES
A.Z. Mindubaev
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Research Center «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
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Annotation. The biological breakdown of complex substances is a whole new world. Here we see evolution in action, a process that allows new substances never before seen to enter the natural cycle. Consequently, new enzymes with unusual activity, along with the genes and plasmids that encode these enzymes, emerge. And in the long term, this means the emergence of new life forms and an increase in the complexity of the biosphere itself. But that's not all! It has become clear that there is no boundary between biosynthesis and degradation. Substances hazardous to living organisms, including even some unnatural ones, can serve as synthons — the «building blocks» for constructing classic natural molecules, including even the most complex ones, such as proteins. They are then absorbed into the biosphere without a trace.
Keywords: metabolism, biosynthesis, synthon, detoxification, biosphere, biochemical evolution
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Applied Ecology
Scientific article
INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON QUALITY INDICATORS OF SOYBEAN SEEDS IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
N.A. Moskaleva, N.N. Dmitrenko, A.I. Dmitrenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. Seeds are the foundation of soybean productivity. The primary goal of seed production is to obtain seeds with high yield and sowing qualities. This article examines the development of soybean seed quality under the weather conditions of soybean development during the 2024 growing season. An assessment of the key seed quality indicators for the Annushka and Korifi soybean varieties studied in the experiment revealed that seed germination rates were 85–86 %, which is 2–3 g higher than the minimum germination rates for reproductive seeds. The Annushka soybean seed mass under the prevailing weather conditions was 121.7 g, which corresponds to the 1,000-grain mass declared by the originator. The 1,000-grain mass of the Korifi soybean variety was 9–6 g lower.
Keywords: Soybeans, weather conditions, varieties, seed quality, germination, germination energy, 1.000-grain mass
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Scientific article
FORMATION OF A PATHOGENIC COMPLEX OF POTATO DISEASES
A.G. Osipova, V.A. Lazutina, I.V. Bedlovskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. This article provides a brief overview of the phytosanitary status of potato crops of different varieties. It presents a complex of pathogens of various etiologies that develop during the final stage of potato development. The relationship between the development of the phytopathological process, the infection mechanism and temperature and humidity conditions is established.
Keywords: potato, pathogen, late blight, anthracnose, stolbur, stripe mosaic, biotroph, polyphage, maceration, vascular occlusion
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Scientific article
VEGETATION PERIODS OF CORN AND SORGHUM IN SINGLE-SPECIESAND MIXED CROPS
U.R. Soliev1, M. Pulodov1, A. Gadoev1, M.S. Norov2
1National Center for Genetic Resources of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
2Shirinsho Shotemur Tajik Agrarian University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
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Annotation. This paper examines the rational use of irrigated agriculture in the republic to increase grain production and provide the livestock industry with a variety of feed throughout the growing season, from early spring to late autumn, when growing corn and sorghum in single-species and mixed fallow fields. The study identified the timing of the first sorghum green mass and grain harvest in single-species crops and intercropped corn. The date for the first grain harvest of the Gissarskoye-14 sorghum variety and the ripening of the second grain harvest from sorghum after-crops before the first autumn frosts were determined.
Keywords: sorghum, corn, variety, after-crop, vegetation, green mass, grain
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Review article
TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXTRACTING PHOSPHORUS FROM THERMALLY TREATED SEWAGE SLUDGE
M.Yu. Dyagelev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Izhevsk State Technical University named after M.T. Kalashnikov», Izhevsk, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents a comprehensive review of phosphorus recovery technologies from thermally treated sewage sludge, examining them as a promising solution to the global problems of phosphate raw material shortages and water body eutrophication. The aim of the study is to comparatively analyze the effectiveness of the main thermal conversion methods: incineration, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and gasification. Particular attention is paid to the physicochemical mechanisms of phosphorus transformation under the influence of various temperature regimes and gas environments. Analysis shows that incineration provides the maximum phosphorus concentration in the ash; however, it is associated with high energy consumption and the need for complex heavy metal removal. Pyrolysis, especially in the range of 600–850 °C, promotes the formation of biochar with a high content of bioavailable apatite phosphorus, which increases the agronomic value of the final product. Hydrothermal carbonization is highlighted as an energy-efficient alternative for processing wet sludge, eliminating the need for a preliminary drying stage. The effect of a steam atmosphere on increasing phosphorus bioavailability and post-processing methods (acid leaching, electrodialysis) are also considered. It is concluded that, although incineration is the most technologically mature method, pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization offer greater potential in terms of energy efficiency and the quality of the resulting fertilizers.
Keywords: sewage sludge, incineration, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, phosphorus recovery, struvite
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Scientific article
MELIORATION METHODS OF SALINE SOILS IN THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
N.V. Perekrestov1, A.I. Belenkov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volgograd State Agrarian University», Volgograd, Russia
2 Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Research Center for Forage Production and Agroecology named after V.R. Williams, Lobnya, Moscow Region, Russia
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Annotation. The research was conducted from 2012 to 2014 at the Kondakova V.P. peasant farm in the Gorodishchensky District of the Volgograd Region. The objective of our research was to evaluate the impact of melioration methods on saline soils. The research shows that in the first year, deep loosening and the addition of phosphogypsum improve the hydrophysical properties of the soil, specifically increasing soil permeability by 2-3 times on light chestnut soils and 6 times on solonetz soils compared to the control. Deep loosening to break up the solonetzic horizon contributed to a reduction in sodium ion levels by engaging calcium in the underlying horizons. The yield increase for the barley variety Medicum 139, on average over 3 years, was 0.35 t/ha in the third variant, compared to the control, while the yield increased to 1.35 t/ha. The technology using chemical ameliorant contributed to higher profits, even ensuring an increase in profitability to 146% in the first year.
Keywords: zonal soils, solonchaks, solonetz, melioration, deep cultivation, phosphogypsum, barley, yield, economic efficiency, profitability
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
Scientific article
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RED DEER BREEDING IN THE KALININGRAD REGION
A.S. Barkova1, E.I. Shurmanova1, O.N. Nikitina1, V.V. Verkhoturov1, E. Chala2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kaliningrad State Technical University», Kaliningrad, Russia
2Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Annotation. The paperanalyzes the environmental aspects of red deer husbandry in the Kaliningrad region. An analysis of the region's climatic conditions revealed favorable factors for effective red deer herding. A long growing season and unstable snow cover provide favorable conditions for red deer husbandry. High-quality pasture grass during late pregnancy and preparation for the rut, supplemented by moderate rates of concentrated feed, facilitate the realization of high reproductive potential and good antler production. The study aims to assess the environmental aspects of Cervus elaphus husbandry in local natural conditions, taking into account the behavioral characteristics of less domesticated individuals.
Keywords: Cervus elaphus, ecology, red deer husbandry, Kaliningrad Region
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Scientific article
STUDY OF THE MOULTING PROCESS IN FALCONS
V.A. Isaeva1, I.R. Enaleev2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
2Russian Falcon Union of Falconry and Raptor Conservation Enthusiasts, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
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Annotation. This paper presents the results of a study of the molting process in a member of the genus Falco. Molting is an annual renewal of plumage, critical for maintaining flight performance and thermal insulation. Blumenthal and Dolnik's method was used to analyze the molting stages. This method yielded important biological information about the species Falco tinnunculus. The study examines the influence of various factors on the condition and coloration of the flight feathers. Furthermore, the diet and necessary nutritional components (chitin, feathers, hair, and bones) for improving digestion and pellet formation were determined. Relevant literature sources were consulted to ensure a comprehensive study of the topic.
Keywords: Birds of prey, a rare species of the genus Falco, the common kestrel Falco tinnunculus, molting times, stages of new feather change, flight feathers
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Scientific article
THE IMPACT OF THE VARROA DESTRUCTOR MITE ON THE SPREAD OF VIRAL DISEASES OF HONEY BEES
A.A. Moysya, L.Ya. Moreva
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State University», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. In recent years, the Krasnodar Territory has seen an increase in the mass mortality of bee colonies, leading to economic losses and a decline in pollinator populations. This paper presents the results of monitoring and veterinary and sanitary measures at the apiary of the KubSU API laboratory in 2024–2025. The main factors contributing to summer mortality were identified as intensive pesticide use, Varroa destructor mite infestation, and the transmission of viral infections by the mite. Preventive treatments with Apimol-T and Bipin-T, as well as spring treatment with Ecopol and Virusan supplementation, are described. PCR analysis of overwintered bees revealed the presence of Acute bee paralysis virus and Chronic bee paralysis virus at low titers, indicating a persistent but manageable viral load. A zootechnical assessment of drone brood mite infestation (May 26, 2025) revealed peak infestation in larvae 18–24 days old (up to 6 females per cell) and absence of mites in recently capped brood (11–12 days old). This suggests the need for comprehensive monitoring and integrated Varroa control measures to maintain the health of bee colonies.
Keywords: Varroa destructor, viral paralysis, mite infestation, PCR, prevention, beekeeping
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Scientific article
ONTOGENESIS OF ALLIUM AFLATUNENSE B. FEDTSCH. UPON INTRODUCTION IN FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION
Mustafa Faten, E.M. Oleynikova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian Universi-ty named after Emperor Peter the Great», Voronezh, Russia
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Annotation. The ontogenesis and seasonal pheno-rhythmotypes of one of the promising species of the genus Allium L. – Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch. – are described under the conditions of introduction in the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh, Botanical Garden of the Voronezh State Agrarian University named after B.A. Keller). A. aflatunense is widely used in landscape design. Plants have tall flower stalks, large spherical purple inflorescences, and star-shaped flowers, which makes them an excellent element for landscaping gardens, parks, and other public spaces. According to modern taxonomy, A. aflatunense belongs to the subgenus Melanocrommyum, section Acmopetala R.M. Fritsch. It originates from Central Asia. Endemic to the Western and Central Tien Shan. A xeromesophyte, adapted to moderate drought and variable humidity, it can grow on stony and gravelly soils. The study was conducted from 2023 to 2025. Over the three years of introduction, A. aflatunense plants underwent three stages and seven ontogenetic states: seed, seedling, juvenile, immature, virginal, latent generative, and young generative. The mid-life generative stage was additionally described using 10- to 12-year-old specimens. The paper presents diagnostic features and biomorphological characteristics of all stages. Data on the species' seed productivity under the introduction conditions are also presented. The developmental characteristics of A. aflatunense grown in the forest-steppe conditions of the Central Chernozem Region suggest the success of the species' introduction so that it can be recommened as an ornamental element in landscaping. To initiate seed generation in specimens as early as the second year of development, vernalization of the plants during the intermediate winter period should be used.
Keywords: Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.,introduction, development period, ontogenetic state, morphological characteristics
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Scientific article
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND VASOTROPIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF DIFFERENT CHEMOTYPES OF MENTHA L.
E.F. Semenova1, E.V. Karaseva2, D.M. Sytnikov1, E.N. Chuyan3, I.S. Mironyuk3, E.N. Grunina4
1Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Sevastopol State University», Sevastopol, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State University», Penza, Russia
3Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University», Simferopol, Russia
4Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea», Simferopol, Russia
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Annotation. A comparative analysis of the composition and quality of essential oils from hybrid mint varieties belonging to different chemotypes was conducted. The main active compounds included: menthol chemotype samples containing 58.6% menthol and 20.2% menthone; linalool chemotype samples containing 63.8% linalool and 20.8% linalyl acetate; and carvone chemotype samples containing 56.0% carvone and 15.6% limonene. The introduction of aqueous solutions of essential oil from plant raw materials of carvone and linalool chemotypes into experimental animals led to an increase in perfusion, metabolic activity of the endothelium, a decrease in the rigidity of the vascular wall of resistive microvessels due to a decrease in sympathetic pressor effects, a decrease in the tone of precapillary metarterioles due to the development of muscle relaxation, vasodilation, an increase in the diameter of precapillaries and blood flow to microvessels, which was accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure.
Keywords: Mentha L., essential oil, vasotropic reactions, microhemodynamics, blood pressure
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Scientific article
CONTENT AND ACTIVITY OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS IN PLANT RAW MATERIALS OF VARIOUS ORIGIN
L.R. Vardanyan1, A.G. Galstyan1, A.A. Akopyan2, N.S. Torosyan3, G.O. Torosyan1,4
1Goris State University, Goris, Republic of Armenia
2National Agrarian University of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
3CSTO Institute in Armenia, Financial Academy, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
4Scientific and Technological Center for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (STCOPHC) of the Na-tional Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
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Annotation.This paper presents a comprehensive study of the antioxidant properties of plant extracts of various origins, with separate determination of the total antioxidant content and their activity (reaction rate constant with peroxide radicals) using a kinetic method on the model of initiated cumene oxidation. Initiated cumene oxidation in a chlorobenzene medium was used as a model system for determining the antioxidant properties of plant extracts. The kinetics of cumene oxidation was studied by a manometric method using a setup with automatic oxygen pressure regulation. The results of studies on the antioxidant properties of eight types of plant materials using the initiated cumene oxidation method in their ethyl acetate extracts are presented. It was found that the total antioxidant content varies from 0.13 to 1.52×10⁻⁴ mol/L, where the highest content is characteristic of extracts of the leaves of Oenothera biennis L. and Amaranthus paniculatus L. The reaction rate constants with peroxide radicals vary from 5.61 to 32.13×10⁴ L/(mol s). Extracts of Rudbeckia laciniata L. and Cucurbita pepo L. exhibit the highest activity here. A lack of correlation between the content and activity of antioxidants was demonstrated, confirming the independence of these parameters and the need for their separate determination for a complete characterization of the antioxidant properties of plant extracts. Natural antioxidants are known to be highly environmentally friendly, have low toxicity, good bioavailability, and exhibit multifunctional activity, which explains their widespread use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. The antioxidant activity of the oxidation products of the original antioxidants was detected, with rate constants varying from 2.12 to 11.66×10² L/(mol s). A compensatory effect was revealed in the reactions of antioxidants with peroxide radicals.
Keywords: plant extracts, natural antioxidants, antioxidant activity, rate constant, initiated oxidation, kinetic method
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Scientific article
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FORMING COLLECTIONS AND LANDSCAPE COMPOSITIONS IN BOTANICAL GARDENS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF ORENBURG STATE UNIVERSITY)
A.S. Shchepeleva, V.V. Spiridonova
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba», Moscow, Russia
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Annotation. This article examines the fundamental principles of developing collections and landscape compositions in botanical gardens, using the Botanical Garden of Orenburg State University (OSU) as an example. It explores taxonomic, geographic, and ecological approaches to collection development, as well as landscape design principles aimed at enhancing the sustainability, aesthetic appeal, and educational value of the garden. Particular attention is paid to the adaptation of plants to steppe conditions and the development of practical recommendations for optimizing spatial organization that can be applied to other botanical gardens.
Keywords: Botanical garden, collection development, landscape compositions, taxonomic principle, geographical principle, ecological principle, steppe zone, plant introduction, landscape design
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Review article
WHEAT BREEDING AND LONG NON-CODING RNA (on the 125th Anniversary of the Birth of the Outstanding Plant Breeder P.P. Lukyanenko)
V.K. Plotnikov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. The paper examines the molecular physiology of winter soft wheat varieties bred by the outstanding 20th-century breeder Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko (1901–1973), whose 125th birthday will be celebrated in 2026. The interaction of breeding and molecular biology is a pressing issue today in the creation of transgenic plants and in the development of molecular markers based on nucleic acid research – DNA and RNA. Molecular biology studies of masterpieces of breeding – varieties that have occupied large acreage for decades – are particularly important in this area. Bezostaya 1 is one such variety. For 25 years, the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture has conducted in-depth comparative studies of the molecular physiology of varieties bred by P.P. Lukyanenko: the moderately frost-resistant Bezostaya 1 variety and the highly frost-resistant Krasnodarskaya 39 variety, which made it possible to identify the functions of specific genes determining frost resistance in wheat. Thirty years ago, in 1996, the phenomenon of variety-specific differential magnesium-dependent mRNA decay in vitro was discovered in green seedlings of the Krasnodarskaya 39 variety, which exhibits a wide range of molecular physiological responses. This phenomenon reflects both the genetic characteristics and physiological state of the plants. Research has shown that, compared to the Krasnodarskaya 39 variety, the Bezostaya 1 variety's normal response to hardening temperatures (4°C) at the molecular level is relatively narrow for all studied components of the protein-synthesizing system. A comparison of the effect of hardening temperature on the stability of the mRNA for the alpha subunit of translation elongation factor in green seedlings of the studied wheat varieties using two methods – molecular hybridization in a solution of total high-polymer RNA and sandwich hybridization on a poly-U-Sepharose column – demonstrated that molecular hybridization is significantly more efficient in the latter method, in the absence of ribosomal RNA. This supports the hypothesis that the molecular mechanism of regular mRNA self-decay in vitro occurs through magnesium-dependent interactions between polyadenylated mRNA and polyadenylated long non-coding RNA in wheat. This potentially enables the development of molecular kinetic markers capable of diagnosing the potential amplitude of molecular physiological responses of wheat genotypes, i.e., the norm of a genotype's response to environmental conditions (temperature, light, stress), which is the primary goal of breeding.
Keywords: Lukyanenko P.P., wheat breeding, molecular physiology, Bezostaya 1, Krasnodarskaya 39, self-decay of polyadenylated mRNA in vitro, polyadenylated non-coding RNA
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Monitoring of Ecological Systems
Research article
CHANGES IN THE DEGREE OF PROJECTIVE COVER OF PLANT COMMUNITIES DISTRIBUTED AROUND THE KATTAKURGAN RESERVOIR
Z.A. Zhabbarov, T. Abdrakhmanov, G.T. Jalilova, S.K. Mahammadiev, Sh.Z. Abdullaev, Zh.Zh. Abdukarimov
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Annotation. The impact of the Kattakurgan Reservoir on the soil and vegetation cover of adjacent territories was studied. Long-term exposure to water led to the development of hydromorphism, increased moisture content, and the formation of gray-meadow soils, which affected the structural and species organization of vegetation. Geobotanical studies conducted in four directions from the reservoir revealed pronounced spatial differentiation of plant communities depending on the depth of groundwater and the degree of soil hydromorphism. The lowest projective cover (40%) was noted on the southern side, characterized by arid conditions, while the maximum values (up to 90%) were recorded in the northern part, where the groundwater level is highest. The dominance of the species Alhagi pseudalhagi, Peganum harmala, Carex pachystylis, Phragmites australis, and Aeluropus littoralis reflects the formation of mesophytic-hydromorphic groups under the influence of the reservoir. The obtained results demonstrate a significant transformation of soils and plant communities caused by changes in the water-air regime and the intensity of hydromorphic processes.
Keywords: Kattakurgan Reservoir, hydromorphism, soil transformation, vegetation cover, groundwater level, environmental changes
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Research article
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOISTURE SUPPLY IN THE LPR TERRITORY BY THE SELYANINOV HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT
G.A. Starodvorov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Luhansk State Agrarian University named after K.E. Voroshilov», Luhansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia
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Annotation. Based on abiotic environmental factors, Selyaninov's hydrothermal moisture coefficient (HTC) was calculated to characterize the moisture availability of the growing area for cultivated phytocenoses. Sep-tember (the month of winter wheat sowing) was found to be adequately moist in 2014, 2016, and 2022. In the remaining study years, September moisture in the LPR was insufficient. The least moist period for artificial agroecosystems was in 2020.
Keywords: Hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), variation coefficient, precipitation, average monthly air temperature, dry farming, warm halfyear
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Scientific article
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERN CLIMATE CHANGE
V.A. Fedosov, A.N. Elizariev, A.M. Miftakhova, E.N. Elizarieva, D.M. Tarakanov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ufa University of Science and Technology», Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia
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Annotation. Using meteorological station data from 1960 to 2024, an analysis of long-term surface air temperature dynamics in the Republic of Bashkortostan was conducted. Regression analysis was used to calculate linear trends in average annual and seasonal temperatures, revealing spatiotemporal warming asymmetries. Spatial interpolation was used to construct distribution maps of trend values, identifying areas of greatest temperature variability, concentrated in the foothills of the Southern Urals. This study contributes to the development of understanding of the global trend of altitudinal warming by revealing its key regional feature—pronounced seasonal asymmetry, most pronounced in the Southern Urals. The established connection between the intensification of spring warming in the foothills and the snow-albedo feedback effect offers a mechanism that explains the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of temperature changes in the region, which allows for the refinement of climate scenarios and serves as a basis for assessing the consequences of climate change for the water balance and socio-economic development of the region.
Keywords: climate change, temperature regime, linear trend, seasonal asymmetry of warming, spatial interpolation, Republic of Bashkortostan, Southern Urals, regression analysis, correlation analysis, altitudinal zonation, Pearson correlation coefficient, methods of mathematical statistics
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Scientific article
ANALYSIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS AND PLANTS OF THE URBAN FLORA OF ROADSIDE AREAS
A.O. Ragimov1,2, N.V. Chugay1,2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov», Vladimir, Russia
2Vladimir Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vladimir, Russia
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Annotation. A comprehensive study of the urban flora and soils of roadside areas in Vladimir was conducted. Significant spatial variability in the ecological state of urban soils was revealed, primarily in terms of compaction and heavy metal contamination. For the first time in Vladimir, levels of biological accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu) in urban plants were determined. Plants were found to selectively accumulate harmful substances such as heavy metals, making them active participants in pollutant migration processes in urban ecosystems. Species analysis revealed a predominance of ruderal species with high tolerance to adverse conditions. The study demonstrates the high bioindicative potential of urban flora for assessing urban pollution.
Keywords: urban flora, heavy metals, bioindication, soil pollution, urban environment, Vladimir, ruderal plants
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Review article
STRAY DOGS: ECOLOGICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
A.N.Kudaktin1, O.N.Bykhalova2
1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of Hunting and Fur Farm-ing named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov», Kirov, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «Utrish State Nature Reserve», Anapa, Russia
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Annotation. The widespread increase in the number of stray and homeless dogs poses the challenge of finding optimal ways to manage their populations. New challenges arise in assessing their ecological and epidemiologi-cal role in residential areas and the wilderness. Tensions are growing between dogs, humans, and pets not only in rural areas but also in urban areas. A survey of rural residents (N = 102) revealed significant economic threats affecting food security in the Krasnodar Krai. A system of preventive measures is proposed to mini-mize the damage caused by these synanthropic animals.
Keywords: stray dog, environmental, epidemiological, social, and economic problems, private subsidiary plots, popu-lation survey, material damage, livestock population, biological assets
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Ecological Situation in Rural Areas
Brief message
LAND POTENTIAL OF RURAL AREAS OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ECOLOGICAL ASPECT
A.G. Sukhomlinova, N.V. Chernysheva, T.P. Frantseva, R.N. Trojan
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. The concept of land potential is examined from the perspective of one approach to the integrated development of agricultural lands in the Krasnodar Territory. Factors influencing the land potential of this Russian region are presented, and the following groups of indicators are identified: an assessment of the ecological condition of agricultural lands and land resources by category, and the fertility of municipal lands. The concept of assessing land potential is substantiated.
Keywords: rural areas, land potential, land fund, ecological state of lands, rational use of lands
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Scientific article
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY DURING FILTRATION CHANGES IN THE VOLUME AND QUALITY OF WATER IN THE KIRPILI RIVER
N.N. Mamas1, S.O. Lupina2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
2«AGRO-ROST» Limited Liability Company, Novotitarovskaya village, Krasnodar Territory, Russia
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Annotation. An assessment was conducted of the impact of AGRO-ROST LLC operations on the decline in the Kirpili River water level due to the use of an irrigation system consisting of two pumping stations. The farm production activities can be divided into several main stages, which are common to all types of crops grown. The average water volume was calculated by stage, the causes of the critical decline in the river water level were examined, as well as the impact on water resources due to the improper use of agrochemicals.
Keywords: water resources, the Kirpili River, water level, water volume calculation, chemical pollutants
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