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THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021

Scientific and Theoretical Journal

2026, Vol. 22, № 4 

Founded in 2005

Published quarterly

C O N T E N T S

Applied Ecology

Review article
CONTROL OF PLANT METABOLISM IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT: FROM EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TO A GENERAL CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

O.V. Senkevich1, P.P. Dolgikh2, O.A. Ulyanova2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2Institute of Engineering Systems and Energy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

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Annotation. This article examines the control of plant metabolism under controlled environment to enhance productivity and improve the quality of agricultural products. The goal is to evaluate the impact of physical methods and biological technologies, identify their synergies, and develop a framework for integrated solutions. The effectiveness of physical interventions without chemical stimulators is confirmed, the role of the spectral composition of light in programming metabolism is established, the synergistic nature of combined methods is demonstrated, and the potential for dynamic management of environmental parameters is demonstrated. The integration of methods within the framework of ecological engineering forms the basis for a new generation of controlled crop production.

Keywords: controlled crop production, plasma seed treatment, hydroponic technologies, LED irradiators, spectral composition of radiation, vermitechnology, vermiponics, quality of plant products

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Scientific article
ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLY OF CORN CROPS BASED ON PLANT DIAGNOSTICS

Е.N. Belousova, A.A. Belousov, V.V. Gavrilenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

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Annotation. Mineral nutrition is a critical factor in ensuring plant productivity. Unlike soil diagnostics, plant diagnostics provides a more accurate, integrated assessment of crop nutrient requirements. The study of tissue diagnostic indicator parameters was conducted at the Borsky Research and Production Complex Field Station, located in the central part of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (N 56.430°, E 92.915°). The experiment compared nine variants with different combinations and amounts of complex mineral fertilizers, including a control without fertilizers. Plant diagnostics revealed the multifaceted impact of mineral fertilizers on the supply of corn nutrients during critical phases of the growing season. Nitrogen status of plants levels out relatively quickly due to the activation of soil mineralization processes, while phosphorus nutrition significantly improves only by mid-growing season and primarily with the application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Potassium nutrition remained limited for all studied fertilizer combinations, requiring special adjustments to potassium fertilizer rates.

Keywords: corn, development stages, mineral fertilizers, plant diagnostics, potassium deficiency

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Scientific article
THE EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM AND BORON ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GREEN BEANS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF COMPLEX MACROELEMENT NUTRITION

B. Diakité, V.I. Titova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University named after L.Ya. Florentyev”, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 

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Annotation. The article presents the results of assessing the effect of molybdenum (ammonium molybdate, 15 g/100 kg of seeds) and boron (boric acid, 3 g/100 kg of seeds), applied both individually and in combination, on the productivity of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., variety Maslyany Korol ) in a pot experiment (Mitscherlich vessels, 2025). The control variant was the application of liquid compound fertilizer (LCF 11:37, rate N22P74), and potassium magnesium sulfate (K60Mg20S34). was a background. It was found that the combination of Mo + B caused an increase in aboveground phytomass by 27% (548.3 g/vessel) and the yield of runner beans by 20% relative to the control (432.0 g/vessel) and background (359.0 g/vessel). The yield index remained at the level of 13%, while the total phytomass per plant exceeded the control by 26%. The root mass reached 121.6 g/vessel (+22.5%) with reliable stimulation both per vessel and per plant (30.4 g versus 24.8 g in the control, LCD05 = 2.16 g). The method of semi-dry seed treatment is a technologically sound technique for localizing microelements in the zone of the germinating root system.

Keywords: green beans, micronutrient fertilizers, seed treatment, productivity, root mass, harvest index, Mitscherlich pots

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Scientific article
COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF USING MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR NARROW-LEAVED LUPINE

V.I. Titova1, R.N. Rybin2, O. S. Matyanova1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University named after L.Ya. Florentyev», Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center”, Moscow Region, Ramenskoye Municipal District, Bykovo Urban Settlement, Russia 

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Annotation. The research was conducted in a pot experiment set up in 2024 and 2025 at the vegetation plot of the Department of Agrochemistry and Agroecology of Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of two rates of essential nutrients applied to lupine, either in a mixture of single-component mineral fertilizers or in organic form (liquid pig manure), on the yield and grain quality of narrow-leaved lupine. The experiments were conducted in quadruple replicates on light-gray, loamy forest soil in 5 kg pots. At harvest, each pot contained six plants of narrow-leaved lupine (variety Vityaz). It was found that liquid pig manure at a rate of 60 t/ha (N42P84K114 is applied per 1 ha, which is similar to the application of N0.02P0.03K0.04 per 1 kg of soil) had approximately the same effect on the growth of above-ground green mass and the formation of grain on the harvest date as the variant where the nutrients were applied in mineral form, but in significantly larger quantities (N0.05P0.10K0.15). Liquid pig manure at a rate of 90 t/ha (N63P126K171 is applied per 1 ha, which is equivalent to applying N0.03P0.05K0.08 per 1 kg of soil) has a significant positive effect on the formation of aboveground green mass, providing an increase in the mass of stems, beans and seeds by 12-23% compared to a comparable dose of NPK, but applied in the form of mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the yield of crude protein increases by 26%, and the yield of fiber by 28-39%. The payback of a unit of NPK applied to lupine with a manure rate of 90 t/ha is twice as high when applying nutrients in mineral form.

Keywords: liquid pig manure, rates, nutrients, light-gray forest soil, narrow-leaved lupine, yield, quality, payback

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Scientific article
EFFECT OF MICROELEMENTS IN CHELATED FORM ON PEPPERMINT YIELD

A.P. Veryasova, N.N. Zharkova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin”, Omsk, Russia

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Annotation. Most soils worldwide are characterized by low to moderate levels of available zinc and manganese. Deficiencies of these micronutrients are a limiting factor, reducing crop yields and the quality of plant products. This article presents the results of a field experiment conducted in 2024–2025 in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia at the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University. The effect of chelated micronutrient fertilizers (zinc and manganese) combined with a mineral nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (N90P60) on peppermint yield was studied. The application rates of zinc (13.3; 26.6; 39.9 and 53.2 kg a.i./ha) and manganese (36; 72; 108 and 144 kg a.i./ha) fertilizers were calculated taking into account the initial content of microelements in the soil and their maximum permissible concentrations (MPC Zn 23 mg/kg, MPC Mn 140 mg/kg). It was found that the use of these micronutrient fertilizers increased the yield of peppermint. The maximum increase was observed with the application of zinc chelate at a rate of 26.6 kg a.i./ha (0.5 MPC Zn) and manganese chelate at a rate of 108 kg a.i./ha (0.75 MPC Mn).

Keywords: peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), microelements, chelate compounds, zinc, manganese, crop yield, Omsk region

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Monitoring of Ecological Systems 

Scientific article
ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT USING THE BIOINDICATION METHOD BASED ON DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS, 1820 

M.Н. Kheto1, M.A. Sysolyatina1, T.Ya. Ashikhmina1,2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Vyatka State University”, Kirov, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia 

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Annotation. The study assessed the quality of atmospheric air in the city of Kirov using D. magna for biotesting of snowmelt water. Snow cover was considered a depository medium accumulating atmospheric precipitation, allowing the impact of polluted air on living organisms to be assessed through the aqueous phase. Samples were collected at locations with varying traffic loads. It was shown that the highest daphnia mortality (up to 100% by day 24) was typical for samples near highways and the train station. A sample from a park area yielded minimal mortality (less than 10%), but a sharp decrease in fecundity (up to 20% of control). A hormetic effect was observed in sample location №5 (along Lenin Street near School №24) – an increase in fecundity up to 400% of control with a mortality rate of approximately 40%. A conclusion was made about the heterogeneity of the toxic load of atmospheric fallout within the city.

Keywords: atmospheric pollution, urban environment, atmospheric air, snow cover, bioindication, biotesting, chronic toxicity, fertility, environmental assessment

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Scientific article
DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS IN SEVASTOPOL 

M.A. Kosovskaya, D.M. Sytnikov
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Sevastopol State University», Sevastopol, Russia 

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Annotation. An analysis of a regression model for the atmospheric air quality in the federal city of Sevastopol revealed an increase in the range of gaseous emissions over the period 2014–2025. A linear relationship between pollutant emissions over the study period revealed an increase in gas emissions with a decrease in particulate matter emissions, but the parameters studied demonstrated a low correlation. The regression model used in this study enables short-term forecasts of gaseous emission dynamics. If current technological and meteorological parameters are maintained, gross emissions are expected to increase to 361.9 t/year, despite periods of temporary reduction in vehicle traffic due to a shortage of motor fuel. The obtained results indicate the need to review current environmental protection measures for air pollution sources.

Keywords: atmospheric air, pollution, regression analysis, environmental forecasting

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Scientific article
COMPREHENSIVE ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS AND RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE ZONE OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATION

A.O. Ragimov1,2, N.V. Chugai1,2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov”, Vladimir, Russia
2Vladimir Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volga Region Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vladimir, Russia

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Annotation. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the environmental condition of soils and roadbeds in a railway zone. An analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soils and the content of mobile (exchangeable) forms of heavy metals was conducted at six sample sites located at varying distances from the railway (from 0 to 100 m). It was found that the maximum concentrations of mobile forms of heavy metals are confined to the gully zone at a distance of 1 m from the tracks, which is due to the geomorphological accumulation of pollutants and the wear of rolling stock. Significant excesses of the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) were revealed for mobile forms of copper (6 times), cobalt (3.6 times), and lead (2.8 times). The mechanisms of heavy metal migration and accumulation in roadside soils are substantiated. Natural plant communities at a distance of 50–100 m were shown to act as mechanical and biogeochemical barriers, limiting the migration of pollutants, whereas in areas with sparse vegetation (5–10 m), this barrier function was virtually absent. An assessment of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to public health was conducted; it was found that children are at greatest risk from oral ingestion of pollutants. Concentration coefficients (Kc) and the total pollution index (Zc) were calculated, allowing for a quantitative characterization of the level of chemical contamination of soils.

Keywords: heavy metals, mobile forms, rail transport, soil pollution, roadbed, soil acidity, humus, phytotoxicity, pollutant migration, risk assessment, concentration coefficient, total pollution index

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Scientific article
ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND THE EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT METHODS IN A LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITY 

G.R. Allayarova, E.E. Zelenkovskaya, E.A. Aukhadieva, T.K. Larionova, G.F. Adieva, S.R. Afonkina, R.A. Daukaev
Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution «Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology», Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia 

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Annotation. This article presents the results of a hygienic assessment of drinking water quality in Ufa. The study covered all types of water intakes in the city: one surface water intake and seven infiltration wells. A comparative analysis of water samples from seven administrative districts and a vending machine sample was conducted for 12 physical and chemical parameters (pH, hardness, iron, color, turbidity, nitrates, nitrites, permanganate oxidation, sulfates, chlorides, dry residue, petroleum products, and anionic surfactants) and five microbiological parameters (total microbial count, total coliform bacteria, sulfite-reducing clostridia, Enterococcus bacteria, and Escherichia coli). It was found that centralized water supply complies with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 for most parameters. The exception is increased hardness (above 7.0 mg-eq/l) in four areas, which is due to the natural characteristics of the water sources. Water from a vending machine is characterized by low hardness, but in other respects it has no advantages over tap water.

Keywords: drinking water, hygienic assessment, infiltration water intakes, UV disinfection, chlorination, water hardness, vending machine

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 Biodiversity and Bioresources 

Scientific article
TRENDS IN SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF PHYTOCENOSES OF THE MAIN ALTITUDINAL ZONES OF THE CAUCASIAN NATURE RESERVE 

Yu. N. Spasovsky
Federal State Budgetary Institution “Caucasian State Nature Biosphere Reserve named after Kh.G. Shaposhnikov”, Maykop, Republic of Adygea, Russia

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Annotation. Seasonal dynamics of plant communities is one of the most important indicators of analytical value for assessing the composition and structure of phytocenoses. This article briefly describes the methodol-ogy and presents the results of phenological monitoring of phytocenoses in the main altitudinal zones of the Caucasus Nature Reserve along the phenological route "Guzeripl Cordon – Tybga Mountain" for the period from 2021 to 2025. The main trends in the seasonal dynamics of phytocenoses in the main altitudinal zones of the Caucasus Nature Reserve along the phenoroute over the past five years are presented.

Keywords: phenological observations, phenological phenomena, phenological route, phytocenosis, seasonal dynam-ics, summary phenological characteristics, average phenological coefficient, phenoanomaly

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Scientific article
NEW RECORDS OF RARE PLANT SPECIES IN THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC 

F.A. Chadayeva, N.L. Tsepkova, R.Kh. Pshegusov, A.Zh. Zhashuev, M.Z. Mollaeva, Yu.M. Sablirova, L.A. Shogenova
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “ Institute of Mountain Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after A.K. Tembotov”, Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia  

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Annotation. The paper presents the results of field studies of rare and conservation-sensitive species of higher vascular plants in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2019–2026. New localities were identified for eight species included in the regional Red Data Book (Anemone sylvestris, Platanthera chlorantha, Iris pumila, Neotinea tridentata, Betula raddeana, Picea orientalis, Acer trautvetteri, Abies nordmanniana). The need for inclusion in the next edition of the regional Red Data Book is substantiated for 10 taxa (Stipa pulcherrima, Caragana frutex subsp. mollis, Clematis lathyrifolia, Phlomis majkopensis, Matthiola odoratissima, Convolvulus lineatus, Stipa caucasica, Fritillaria orientalis, Iris notha, Ajuga laxmannii). Of these, Stipa pulcherrima and Iris notha are currently protected at the federal level. The data obtained significantly expands the region's floristic knowledge and provides a scientific basis for updating the regional list of protected plants.

Keywords: floristic finds, Red Book, Central Caucasus, mountain ecosystems

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Scientific article
DISTRIBUTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS ARUM L. (ARACEAE) WITHIN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

E. D. Shamrai1, N.A. Pikalova2, O.A. Shymkova3
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov», Moscow, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Krasnodar, Russia
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia

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Annotation. A review and analytical summary of data on the distribution of three taxa of the genus Arum L. (Araceae) in Krasnodar Territory was performed: A. italicum Mill., A. orientale M. Bieb. and A. elongatum Steven. The spatial structure of distribution was reconstructed based on open georeferenced observations, digitized herbarium materials and regional floristic publications. It was established that the finds form several disconnected clusters: Abrau-Utrish-Novorossiysk, Markotkh-Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Sochi and foothill-lowland. A. orientale has the widest ecological and altitudinal range; records identified as A. elongatum are concentrated mainly in the carbonate lowlands of the northwestern Black Sea region; A. italicum subsp. albispathum is concentrated in the Greater Sochi region, where, along with forest finds, semi-anthropogenic and synanthropic habitats are also noted. A local list of records is provided, the reliability of the spatial interpretation is assessed, and the taxonomic limitations of the mapping are discussed.

Keywords: Araceae, Arum, A. italicum, A. orientale, A. elongatum, Krasnodar Territory, Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Western Caucasus, Utrish, Greater Sochi, georeferenced finds

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Scientific article
LATE-FLOWERING MELLIFEROUS PLANTS OF THE GENUS SEDUM – A RESERVE FOR EXTENDING THE HONEY HARVEST

I.D. Samsonova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saint Petersburg State Forest Engineering University named after S.M. Kirov», Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Annotation. This article examines species of the genus Sedum (stonecrop) as promising late-flowering honey plants for extending honey harvest into late autumn. It describes the most valuable species: Sedum maximum, S. spectabile, S. caucasicum, S. acre, S. lydium, and S. aizoon. It also describes agronomic practices for managing flowering (pruning during budding) to delay the honey harvest and promote repeat flowering. This article is recommended for planning forage reserves in apiary and home garden plots to ensure continuous honey harvest for bee colonies during summer and autumn.

Keywords: stonecrop, Sedum, late-flowering honey plants, honey base, flower conveyor, prolongation of honey harvest

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Scientific article
THE ROLE OF THE ALTITUDE FACTOR IN THE VARIABILITY OF NIGELLA SATIVA L. DURING INTRODUCTION IN DAGESTAN

A. D. Khabibov1, M. I. Gadzhiev2
1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Dagestan State University”, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

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Annotation. In Dagestan, at the altitudes of 50, 1100, and 1780 m above sea level, the role of the altitude factor and its gradient in the variability of 10 dimensional traits of plants and their correlations was assessed in Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae Juss.). A population method with biometric analysis was used in the study. The highest average values for 80.0% of the recorded growth traits and for 60.0% of the variation coefficients were revealed at the Tsudakhar experimental base (1100 m above sea level). Different altitude conditions significantly affect the variability structure of all ten recorded growth traits, and the dispersion component fluctuates between 39.6 and 80.6%. The maximum (in 80% of cases or more) influence of the altitude factor occurs on the variability of the vegetative traits. Of the dispersion component, the altitude difference equal to 1730 m (1780–50) accounts for a certain share of variability, reliably influencing the variability structure of most growth parameters. The altitude gradient at the highest significance level (99.9%) influences only the variability of four vegetative traits. The maximum value (in 69.2% of cases) of the determination coefficient is observed in the variability of the upper internode length (L5), which also has the highest value of the positive correlation (0.832***) with the altitude gradient and the largest share (99.9%) of the determination coefficient from the dispersion component. The minimum share in the dispersion component (21.3%) and the lowest value of the significant correlation (0.357*) with the altitude gradient and the determination coefficient (12.72*) are noted for the generative trait – the length of the upper central fruit (L4). At all three altitude levels, significant values of positive correlation between the average values of growth characteristics are quite rare (13.3%), which is apparently also due to the limited sample size.

Keywords: Nigella sativa L., height factor, dimensional features, variability, dispersion, regression and correlation analysis

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Scientific article
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD FORMATION OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) IN SOUTHERN TAJIKISTAN

A.A. Boboev1, K. Partoev2, O.P. Kibalnik3
1State Educational Institution "Dangara State University", Khatlon region, Dangara village, Tajikistan
2Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
3Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn", Saratov, Russia 

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Annotation. The article presents the results of a three-year study (2023–2025) of sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties in the southern Tajikistan (Farkhor district). It was found that the studied sorghum varieties differ significantly in many morphological traits and yield. Plant height of sweet sorghum varieties ranges from 203 to 275 cm, while that of grain sorghum varieties ranges from 106 to 415 cm. High indicators for this trait are observed in the varieties Fakel, SAT-1, and SAT-2, whose plants have a height of 255, 377, and 415 cm, respectively. However, varieties such as Moskva, RSK Korall, RSK Kakholong, and Bakalavr have plant heights within 106–177 cm, which is 2–3 times lower than other sorghum varieties. In southern Tajikistan, the varieties Shaherezada, RSK Korall, and SAT-2 proved to be the most productive, exceeding other varieties by 22–74%. Sweet sorghum varieties produced an average yield 17.01% higher than grain sorghum varieties. Determining the degree of variation in the morphological traits of sorghum varieties and their yield is of great scientific and practical importance for their cultivation in industrial conditions and breeding in southern Tajikistan.

Keywords: sorghum, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, stem thickness, climate, diseases, pests, yield

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Scientific article
THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE MOUNTAIN HARE POPULATION (LEPUS TIMIDUS Linnaeus, 1758) IN TATARSTAN 

I. Z. Yarmiev, I.I. Rakhimov
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University", Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia 

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Annotation. The mountain hare in the Republic of Tatarstan is a classic example of how a common commercial species has become rare and in need of protection in just 50 years. Back in the 1970s, its population in Tatarstan exceeded 70,000, but by 2015, it had fallen to less than 7,000, a 90% decline. Currently, according to 2024 data, the population is showing a slight increase – around 9,500 individuals – and has been observed in 37 districts, including areas where it was long thought extinct (such as the Volga region). Nevertheless, in 2025, the mountain hare was listed in the new Red Data Book of Tatarstan under category five: “recoverable and recovering species”, with a status of least concern according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Keywords: mountain hare, Republic of Tatarstan, breeding, natural conditions, habitat, statistical analysis, natureconservation

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Brief Communications

FIRST RECORDS OF THE GROUND BEETLE SPECIES EUCARTERUS SPARSUTUS (REITTER, 1898) (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) FOR THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

A.S. Zamotajlov1, V.I. Shchurov2, V.Yu. Serdyuk3, B.M. Kataev4
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University», Krasnodar, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «Department of Specially Protected Nature Areas of the Krasnodar Territory», Krasnodar, Russia
3LLC “Kuban Research Center «Wildlife of the Caucasus», Krasnodar, Russia
4Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Annotation. The first reliable record of the ground beetle species Eucarterus sparsutus for the Krasnodar Ter-ritory is presented. Some features of its ecology and circadian activity are noted.

Keywords: Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Eucarterus sparsutus, Krasnodar Territory, distribution, ecology

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RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO STUDY THE VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF LAKE GALANCHOZH (CHECHEN REPUBLIC) IN 2026

I.I. Rakhimov1, D.A. Schiller2, A.A. Kidov3
1Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University”, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
2Regional Branch of the All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Geographical Society” in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev”, Moscow, Russia

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Annotation. This article presents data from a study of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Lake Galanchozh in the Chechen Republic. This high-altitude lake is located 1,500 meters above sea level and covers a surface area of 12 hectares. Using route surveys and observations, data were obtained on the current state of the fauna of the lake and surrounding areas. The faunal research was conducted as part of a long-term project by the Chechen Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society, “Unknown Chechnya”.

Keywords: Lake Galanchozh (Galanchozhskoye Lake), natural monument, high-mountain lakes, terrestrial vertebrate fauna, water body conservation, project “Unknown Chechnya”

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ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ELBRUS REGION 

V.V. Matveev, V.V. Shanina
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov”, Moscow, Russia 

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Annotation. The article presents the results of a study of the engineering and geological conditions of the Elbrus region, one of Russia's largest mountaineering and skiing centers, which is experiencing in-creasing anthropogenic pressure. Based on a 1 : 200 000 scale state geological map, a map of the engi-neering and geological conditions of the area has been created. It includes formations and stratigraphic-genetic complexes of rocks, the lithological and petrographic composition of sediments, relief isolines, the boundaries of permafrost and modern glaciation, the depth of groundwater and the degree of its ag-gressive impact on building structures, as well as areas of development of modern geological processes (mudflows, rock falls, scree, avalanches) and promising areas for exploration of building materials. As an analytical option, a map of soil strata has been compiled, systematizing rocks in the upper 10-meter part of the section by composition, structure, and state (permafrost, thawed, unfrozen). The scientific innova-tion lies in the comprehensive mapping of engineering and geological parameters, taking into account the seismic activity of Elbrus Volcano and the catastrophic geological processes observed in 2025. The re-sults obtained can serve as a basis for the design, construction, and operation of engineering facilities in the region.

Keywords: engineering and geological conditions, soil strata, map, construction, mudflows

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ON THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT FLUXES ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS GROWN IN GREENHOUSES

O.A. Grekov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of National Economy named after V.I. Vernadsky», Balashikha, Russia

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Annotation. This article analyzes the impact of artificial light on the photosynthesis of plants grown in greenhouses. Various types of modern lighting fixtures that enable high agricultural yields regardless of climate conditions are examined.

Keywords: artificial light flux, photosynthesis, LED lamp, quantum dots, light-transforming films

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